June 3  1954

  In invading northeast China, the Japanese imperialism exploited the Chinese labor by forcing them work hard with low salary. They continue doing this when the puppet Manchu regime was set up. For there being 400000 to 70000 men coming from north China, the labor in northeast China was sufficient. In  1937, the five- year policy and the development policy were formulated, when Japanese imperialism expanded the Sino-Japanese war in north China, hence the northeast China was short of labor.

  The service organization was simple then. It was just a section in the administration, when the policy was being formulated, it could not give policy on the labor. Thus the service administration was established in 1938. The budget was 160000 yuan, in addition to the other budget, the service administration can get 800000 yuan altogether. The Manchu labor association was established, whose job was to train the technician, recruit the laborers, lock the laborers, help to allocate the laborers. Enterprises were also encouraged to control the labor independently.

  The General affairs which once belonged to Dadong company were transferred to labor association, which was in charge of the affairs such as recruiting the laborers. The labor management law was made then, which request the government and the enterprise control the labor throughout the society. The employer using the labor should apply and report. The labor from north China were 300000 or 400000, less than before. Following measures were taken to control the labor: paying low salary, increasing work quantity, recruiting laborers, prohibiting the laborers without fire certificate from using the train. The measures were used separately.

  North China witnessed the drought and flood in 1939. So 1000000 or 1300000 laborers were recruited to the northeast China. Thus the service management cared more for the training technician and controlling the laborers.

  In 1940, to coordinate with the long time war and the European war, the Japanese imperialism improved the measure. In August, they revised the “ labor management law”, trying to adjust the supply and requirement on the labor. It failed. In 1941, August, the sketch of the new labor system was formulated. The main point was the following.  To force the national to serve the state, to keep the labor self- sufficient,  to enhance the control over the laborers especially, to keep the laborers from fleeing. Labor development association in which the enterprises must join took place of the labor association .The “sketch” using the labor self- sufficient as the iron curtain provided the measure to exploit the laborer.

  The law of hardworking serving the publicbased on the “sketch” was formulated in 1941 and was effective in 1942, which request the youth between 19 and 21 take the service in a year. By the state power, the law exploited the youth labor. For example, when the system began, the quota was 6000.  In  1943, it was 20000. In  1944, it was 32000. In 1945, it was 150000. At first, the labor recruited at the scope that build the road, then it expanded to the railroad, military production etc. The students were required to serve the state then.

  Except for the labor from the north China, Manchuria laborers were recruited by the overseers and hired by the enterprises for the government could not draw up the policy and operate it.

  The sketch could not meet the requirement of the military and the enterprise for they expanded their measure continuously. So the labor mobilization policy was formulated by the general affairs bureau.

  Each department and enterprise provided to the bureau the quantity of laborers they need and the project they planned to use the labor. The general affairs bureau would investigate the mobilization with the civil administration. The laborers from the north China were not calculated for the Japanese could not control the north China thoroughly then.

  Labor service bureau communicated with every association and allocated the areas where the enterprise recruited laborers. If they could not get enough laborers or emergency happened, the serving the public team and the laborers recruited by the government of city, county, banner would be supplement. So what counts was the quantity of the team and the supplement, which would be sent to the province that allocated to the city, county and banner later.

  Laborers from north China would change, but the policy remained original. Supervised by  the civil administration ,the labor would be allocated to the enterprises by the labor development association. In fact, each enterprise recruited the labor in the north China and they could get the sufficient labor, for the government of city, county and banner did not like to transfer the labor to the enterprise. The laborers recruited and the team members of serving the public were used in the military and the government engineering. Soon they were used in enterprises afterwards for the price and the quality.

  Now I would say the quantity of laborers. 1942, 1000000(supplied laborers 350000). 1943, 1200000(supplied laborers 500000, team members 5000). 1944, 1300000(supplied laborers 600000, team members 25000), 1945, 1600000(supplied laborers 600000, team members 150000. To August 15th, the number of the supplied laborers was 80000, team members 140000. The  allocation project in 1944 was mine industry 200000; forestry 100000; construction 600000(not including the road, river, field, city building), Guandong army 300000, Manchu railroad corporation 100000, added up to 1300000. The 1945 project was : mine industry 300000. forestry 100000, construction 800000, Guandong army 300000, Manchu railroad corporation 100000, added up to 1600000.

  The pacific war broke out in December 1942. The new labor system supported the economy in the war. In  1942, the labor finger-print system was set up. It required the labor take along the handbook on which bears his fingerprint, location, age, address, etc. to be inspected.

  The labor was critical to the Japanese imperialism for the war and the production. The service charge bureau was substituted by the hardworking department which made up of the labor serving  department and the hardworking serving the public department. The serving public department was integrated as the army. The director general of the government was Bantianminzhi. The  labor service organization of other province such as Fengtian, Andong, Jilin  and other province were supplemented and integrated.

  The correction bureau, in which the tutorship sector was established, was established in the judiciary. Its aim was announced to prevent the criminal and coach the national. In fact, it forced the Chinese people to labor without reward to support the Japanese imperialism.

  1944, Guandong army required the puppet Manchuria government establish an industry army. The fourth bureau staff officer Yuanshansilang wanted the laborers to work as soldiers. This project did not effect for some problems.  So the government expanded the serving public team and sent them to factories, so the industry army effected in fact. The number of the team members was supposed to be 6000 in 1945.

  So the Chinese people were exploited by the Japanese imperialism. The measures that lowering the price, lowering the salary and protracting the working time brought calamities to the Chinese. The calamity expanded as the pacific war began. The hardworking serving pubic system, the labor supplied system, recruited labor, national fingerprint system, serving public team in factory etc. are all the forced labor.

  In 1943, the Benxi lake coal mine gas explosion killed 1800 men. 1944, Xinganling engineering  which belonged to Guandong army killed 6000 laborers. 1944, Muxing engineering which belonged to the communication department of the puppet Manchu government killed 1700. They    were the crimes committed by the Japanese imperialism when they exploited Chinese labor.

   Quoted from “data on the Japanese imperialism invading China”(14), northeast economy plundering.