November 26 th 1951

  Manchuria calls labor from Hebei, Shandong province foreign labor, northeast China labor domestic labor. The development of the foreign labor differs in these stages.

  The first stage.(1933-1936).  The foreign laborers recruited by the overseers who were trusted by the service organization were sent to Northeast China , 800000  men a year.

  The second stage(1936-1941). Manchu labor association was established, then the north China labor association in Beijing. Each unit which need laborers reported the quantity to the Manchu labor association which sent the message to the north China labor association which request the branch in Shandong, Hebei to recruit the labor. The laborers were transported to Shanhaiguan rail station to the branch labor association. Then the branch sent the laborers to the unit. 2900000 or 3000000 men were transported per year.

The third stage(1941-1945). Manchu labor association was substituted by the Manchu labor service development association which was controlled by the puppet Manchu regime. The service section was established in the civil administration to enhance the labor control. There were 1400000 men each year.

  In the first stage, one fourth of the laborers were in military construction. The others were scattered in the factory, mine, railroad etc. the 8ooooo laborers were divided into two sections . One was the regular labor that did the work for a long time on the same place.  The number was 400000, which scattered as follows: Dalian 100000. Fushun 120000; Jinzhou and Jilin 30000;Anshan 40000. Fengtiian 50000. Heihe, Beian, ShunWu:  20000, Harbin ,Mudanjiang: 50000, Andong: 10000. The other was shift labor that came in spring and left in the fall or they were to another factory when the work was over, which was 400000. 

  In the second stage, since the Sino-Japanese war was expanded, the military goods and materials were needed more and more, in addition to the project of iron national defense.  The number of  the laborers was 30000.

  In the third stage, the number was 1500000, decreasing from 3000000. Some were allured , or deceived by the overseers, some were grasped by the Japanese army. The construction was expanded, so the domestic labor was recruited.

  In the first stage ,  the wage of the foreign labor was five jiao per day. The income of 800000 laborers was 123 million yuan. In fact they could receive 96.8 million Manchuria yuan. The exchange of the currency was influent because of  the trade between the Manchuria and North China.

  In the second stage, the wage was 55 jiao per day. 3000000 laborers could get 544.5 million yuan. In fact, they could receive 3.79 million yuan. There was unfavorable balance of trade for the export decreasing, so the wages could not be exchanged. The working efficiency decreased too. So Manchu government permit the laborers post the money twice a year, no more than 20 yuan each time.

  In the third stage, the post was forbidden, the government advocated saving and settling down.   But lots of laborers fled. 

The above mentioned was what I saw and heard when I serviced in the civil administration. Some of them were from service officer Tianchunminxiong , which I wrote down in my notebook.